Περιγραφή
The lemon is the fruit of the lemon tree (Citrus limon), which belongs to the citrus genus (Citrus) and the Rutaceae family, like the other citrus fruits (tangerines, oranges, etc.). The lemon tree is an evergreen tree, of medium size with ovate-pointed, leathery, deep green leaves on twigs with thorns at the point where the stem emerges. The flowers of the lemon tree have five petals, white and accompanied by a subtle pleasant smell.
Citrus fruits in general were unknown in the West until Columbus made his second voyage and brought back seeds of oranges, lemons and citrons from Tahiti. New seed imports were made later by the Portuguese and the Spanish.
The first known type of citrus fruit in Europe was the citron. Citrus fruits in general are considered winter fruits and are grown mainly in subtropical regions. 80% of citrus production areas are located in the Mediterranean countries, in North and Central America. The remaining areas are found in the Far East, South America, South Africa and Australia.
Lemon is widely used in confectionery. Its juice, zest and flesh are added to creams, cakes and other preparations, to flavor and give a sub-sour taste. Lemon juice is also added to drinks and teas, and its peel is used in the preparation of alcoholic beverages, such as Limoncello liqueur.
In cooking, lemon juice and zest are marinated in meats or added to cooked food to enhance its flavor. Lemon essential oil is also produced from lemon peel through the process of cold pressing. Lemon essential oil has astringent and antibacterial properties and is used in aromatherapy as well as in everyday life.